Gears have been around for many centuries and are used in almost all kinds of machineries. First gears were, probably, used in various construction jobs, weapons and several water raising devices. However, these days, gears are used in different kinds of equipments to make life easier. These components are there right from clocks to cars to marine engines to aero planes. In mechanical engineering, gears are the most common means to transmit power. No electric motor design is complete without gear design. Moreover, the efficiency of a vehicle depends highly upon the gearbox design used.
Gears are used in all the mechanical devices that need motion. However, while having a gear design for any purpose such as electric motor design , make sure that they have enough torque (the movement of force). Let us read more about gear design.
There are different types of gears designed for different purposes. Gears may be Bevel gears, helical gears, rack & Pinion gears, spur gears, worm gears among others. The type of gear is chosen according to the type of machine and its purpose.
While manufacturing gears, the material is chosen according to various factors such as the condition where gears are need to operate, conditions like wear and noise and more. Gears can be manufactured using metallic and non-metallic materials.
The metallic gears are normally manufactured in cast iron, steel and bronze. When there is a high strength design, steel is the obvious choice for its manufacturing. However, cast iron is the most popular choice for metallic gears for its excellent machine ability, good wearing properties, and the ease that complicated shapes can create due to casting method. Using casting iron, molten metal is poured into the mould and it takes shapes of the mould when it is cooled.
When it comes to non-metallic gears, generally wood, rawhide, compressed paper and synthetic resins like nylon are used. However, these materials are used only when they require reduction in the noise created by gears.
How do Gears Work?
Gears are used in machineries to do variety of functions such as generating speed or power, change the direction. Most of the times, gears are mounted on shafts, an input and output shaft. When two gears are connected, they are called transmission.
Change the speed
The speed of the machine can be increased or decreased using gears. For instance, gear with 10 teeth can be connected to gear with 5 teeth to increase the speed. In this case, smaller gear has to move as fast as the larger one to keep pace with it. The gear ratio ensures the right change in speed.
Increase Force
To increase the force, second gear should have lesser number of teeth.
Change the direction
When two gears are meshing together, the second gear moves in opposite direction. Similarly, if there are three meshing gears, first gears would move in clockwise direction while third one will move in anti-clockwise direction.
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